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Sintesi delle decisioni della COP28 sul Global stocktake ("Rivisitazione complessiva" | ||||
II testo principale generale della COP28 di Dubai contiene i seguenti punti principali: | ||||
The Paris Agreement has driven near-universal climate action by setting despite overall progress on mitigation, adaptation and means of implementation and support, Parties are not yet collectively on track towards achieving the purpose of the Paris Agreement and its long-term goals; the impacts of climate change will be much lower at the temperature increase of 1.5 °C compared with 2 °C and resolves to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C; Expresses serious concern that 2023 is set to be the warmest year on record human activities, principally through emissions of greenhouse gases, have unequivocally caused global warming of about 1.1 °C;
Commits to accelerate action in this critical decade sustainable and just solutions to the climate crisis must be founded on meaningful and effective social dialogue and participation of all stakeholders, including Indigenous Peoples, local communities and governments, women, and youth and children, and notes that the global transition to low emissions and climate-resilient development provides opportunities and challenges for sustainable development and poverty eradication;
That feasible, effective and low-cost mitigation options are already
available mitigation efforts embedded within the wider development context can
increase the pace, depth and breadth of emissions reductions, as well
as that policies that shift development pathways towards sustainability
can broaden the portfolio of available developed countries must reduce emissions by 2540 per cent below 1990 levels by 2020, which was not achieved the 87 per cent of the global economy in terms of share of gross domestic product is covered by targets for climate neutrality, carbon neutrality, greenhouse gas neutrality or net zero emissions, which provides the possibility of achieving a temperature increase below 2 °C when taking into account the full implementation of those strategies;
Notes with concern the findings in the latest version of the synthesis report on nationally determined contributions that implementation of current nationally determined contributions would reduce emissions on average by 2 per cent compared with the 2019 level by 2030 and that significantly greater emission reductions are required to align with global greenhouse gas emission trajectories in line with the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement and recognizes the urgent need to address this gap; policies implemented by the end of 2020 are projected to result in higher
global greenhouse gas emissions than those implied by the nationally determined
contributions, indicating an implementation gap, and resolves to take
action to urgently address this gap; despite progress, global greenhouse gas emissions trajectories are not
yet in line with the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement, and that
there is a rapidly narrowing window for raising ambition and implementing
existing commitments in order to achieve it; Expresses concern that the carbon budget consistent with achieving the
Paris [IPCC models show that] global greenhouse gas emissions are projected to peak between 2020 and at the latest before 2025 in global modelled pathways that limit warming to 1.5 °C with no or limited overshoot and in those that limit warming to 2 °C and assume immediate action, limiting global warming to 1.5 °C with no or limited overshoot requires deep, rapid and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions of 43 per cent by 2030 and 60 per cent by 2035 relative to the 2019 level and reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050; calls on Parties to contribute to the following global efforts, in a nationally determined manner: (a) Tripling renewable energy capacity globally and doubling the global
average Notes the importance of transitioning to sustainable lifestyles and sustainable
patterns
Encourages the implementation of integrated, multi-sectoral solutions,
such as landuse management, sustainable agriculture, resilient food systems,
nature-based solutions and Notes that ecosystem-based approaches, including ocean-based adaptation
and
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In particolare, l'impegno collettivo a triplicare la potenza totale mondiale delle rinnovabili entro il 2030, il cui testo integrale è qui, è stato supportato da circa 130 paesi |
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1.Albania 2. Andorra 3. Angola 4. Antigua and Barbuda 5. Argentina 6. Armenia 7. Australia 8. Austria 9. Azerbaijan 10. Bahamas (the) 11. Bangladesh 12. Barbados 13. Belgium 14. Belize 15. Benin 16. Bhutan 17. Bosnia Herzegovina 18. Brazil 19. Brunei Darussalam 20. Bulgaria 21. Burkina Faso 22. Burundi 23. Canada 24. Chad 25. Chile 26. Colombia 27. Comoros (the) 28. Costa Rica 29. Cote d'Ivoire 30. Croatia 31. Cuba 32. Cyprus 33. Czechia 34. Denmark 35. Dominican Republic (the) 36. El Salvador 37. Estonia 38. Eswatini 39. Ethiopia 40. Fiji 41. European Union 42. Finland 43. France 44. Gambia (the) 45. Georgia 46. Germany 47. Ghana 48. Greece 49. Grenada 50. Guatemala 51. Guinea 52. Hungary 53. Iceland 54. Ireland 55. Italy 56. Jamaica 57. Japan 58. Jordan 59. Kenya 60. Kiribati 61. Kosovo 62. Kyrgyzstan 63. Latvia 64. Lebanon 65. Lesotho 66. Liechtenstein 67. Lithuania 68. Luxembourg 69. Malawi 70. Malaysia 71. Maldives 72. Mali 73. Malta 74. Mexico 75. Micronesia 76. Moldova 77. Monaco 78. Montenegro 79. Morocco 80. Mozambique 81. Namibia 82. Nauru 83. Netherlands 84. New Zealand 85. Nicaragua 86. Nigeria 87. North Macedonia 88. Norway 89. Oman 90. Papua New Guinea 91. Paraguay 92. Poland 93. Portugal 94. Romania 95. Rwanda 96. San Marino 97. Senegal 98. Serbia 99. Seychelles 100. Sierra Leone 101. Singapore 102. Slovakia 103. Slovenia 104. Somalia 105. Republic of Korea (ROK) 106. Spain 107. Sweden 108. Switzerland 109. Syria 110. Tajikistan 111. Thailand 112. Togo 113. Tunisia 114. UAE 115. Ukraine 116. United Kingdom 117. United States of America 118. Uruguay 119. Uzbekistan 120. Vanuatu 121. Yemen 122. Zambia 123. Zimbabwe |
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If countries continue adding renewable capacity at the same scale recorded in 2023, capacity will more than double by the end of the decade. Achieving the new COP28 goal of tripling capacity would require increasing annual additions from 500 gigawatts in 2023 to around 1,500 in 2030 an annual growth rate of 17 percent. This puts the COP28 target well within reach, as renewable capacity grew by 17 percent annually on average between 2016 and 2023, according to analysis by think tank Ember. Source: https://www.irena.org/Publications/2023/Oct/Tripling-renewable-power-and-doubling-energy-efficiency-by-2030 https://www.politico.eu/article/cop28-renewable-energy-efficiency-targets-data-paris-agreement-climate-change-global-warming
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Per quanto riguarda la deforestazione, la decisione è di procedere a "enhanced efforts towards halting and reversing deforestation and forest degradation by 2030", |
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Per l'implementazione dei questo impegno:
Notes the need for enhanced support and investment, including through financial
resources, technology transfer and capacity-building, for efforts towards
halting and reversing deforestation and forest degradation by 2030 in the
context of sustainable development and poverty eradication, in accordance
with Article 5 of the Paris Agreement, including through results-based payments
for policy approaches and positive incentives for activities relating to
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role
of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest
carbon stocks in developing countries; and alternative policy approaches,
such as joint mitigation and adaptation approaches for the integral and
sustainable management of forests, while reaffirming the importance of incentivizing,
as appropriate, non-carbon benefits associated with such approaches; |
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Per una panoramica degli impegni attuali si veda la piattaforma ufficiale REDD+ https://redd.unfccc.int/ | ||||
In this context, unabated fossil fuels refers to fossil fuels
produced and used without interventions that substantially reduce the
amount of GHG emitted throughout the life cycle; for example, capturing
90% or more CO2 from power plants, or 50-80% of fugitive methane emissions
from energy supply. AR6 Synthesis Report Climate Change 2023, IPCC . |
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Struttura generale dell'Accordo | ||||